The right to access information is a fundamental entitlement for children, and part of in- ternational conventions and European legislation. Yet the Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) commonly used in educational contexts—primarily general-purpose search engines— were not designed considering the cognitive, social, and developmental specificities of K- 12 learners. While the literature has extensively documented the challenges children face when interacting with these systems, the voices of the adults who mediate their information access—teachers and parents—remain largely unexplored. This doctoral research addresses this gap by investigating how these ”more knowled- geable others” (in Vygotskian terms) search for and evaluate information when supporting children’s learning, and how they perceive available tools, including generative artificial intelligence. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining parallel question- naires administered to 131 teachers and 150 families with co-design workshops involving 10 experienced educators. Findings reveal that adults mediators navigate significant tensions between the affor- dances of existing systems and educational needs, developing compensatory strategies to address perceived inadequacies. A particularly significant discovery emerged from the co- design phase: all participants unanimously integrated generative AI functionalities into their proposed designs, signaling a shift from systems that merely ”find” information to systems that ”transform” it—adapting, simplifying, and restructuring content according to learners’ developmental stages and curricular requirements. This research contributes empirically by documenting mediators’ practices and percep- tions, theoretically by conceptualizing the finder-to-transformer shift in educational IRS design, and practically by providing evidence-based guidelines for designing information access systems specifically tailored to K-12 educational contexts and for developing tea- cher professional development programs addressing digital and information literacy in an AI-transformed landscape.
Il diritto all’accesso all’informazione costituisce un diritto fondamentale per i minori, san- cito dalle convenzioni internazionali e dalla normativa europea. Tuttavia, gli Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) comunemente utilizzati in ambito educativo, principalmente mo- tori di ricerca generalisti, non sono stati progettati tenendo conto delle specificità cogniti- ve, sociali e di sviluppo degli utenti in età scolare. Mentre la letteratura ha documentato ampiamente le difficoltà che bambini e ragazzi incontrano nell’interazione con questi siste- mi, le voci degli adulti che mediano il loro accesso all’informazione, insegnanti e genitori, rimangono largamente inesplorate. Questa ricerca dottorale affronta tale lacuna investigando come questi ”more knowled- geable others” (nella prospettiva vygotskiana) cercano e valutano informazioni quando sup- portano l’apprendimento, e quali sono le loro percezioni rispetto agli strumenti disponibi- li, inclusa l’intelligenza artificiale generativa. Lo studio adotta un approccio metodologico misto che combina questionari paralleli, somministrati a 131 docenti e 150 famiglie, con workshop di co-design che hanno coinvolto 10 insegnanti esperti. I risultati rivelano che gli adulti mediatori navigano tensioni significative tra le affordan- ce dei sistemi esistenti e i bisogni educativi e quindi sviluppano strategie compensative per affrontare le inadeguatezze percepite. Una scoperta particolarmente significativa emerge dalla fase di co-design: tutti i partecipanti hanno unanimemente integrato funzionalità di IA generativa nelle loro progettazioni, segnalando uno salto di paradigma da sistemi che semplicemente ”trovano” informazioni a sistemi che le ”trasformano”, adattando, semplifi- cando e ristrutturando i contenuti in base alle fasi di sviluppo degli studenti e ai requisiti curricolari. La ricerca offre un contributo empirico dattraverso la documentazione di pratiche e per- cezioni degli adulti mediatori, un contributo teorico concettualizzando il passaggio da finder a transformer nel design di IRS educativi, e un contributo pratico con indicazioni evidence- based per la progettazione di sistemi di accesso all’informazione specificamente pensati per il contesto educativo K-12 e per lo sviluppo di percorsi di formazione docenti sulla literacy digitale e informativa in un panorama trasformato dall’IA.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL PER L’APPRENDIMENTO E DIRITTO ALL’INFORMAZIONE. RIPENSARE IL DESIGN A PARTIRE DAGLI INSEGNANTI / Murgia, E.. - (2026 May 20). [10.14274/murgia-emiliana_phd2026-05-20]
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL PER L’APPRENDIMENTO E DIRITTO ALL’INFORMAZIONE. RIPENSARE IL DESIGN A PARTIRE DAGLI INSEGNANTI
MURGIA, EMILIANA
2026-05-20
Abstract
The right to access information is a fundamental entitlement for children, and part of in- ternational conventions and European legislation. Yet the Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) commonly used in educational contexts—primarily general-purpose search engines— were not designed considering the cognitive, social, and developmental specificities of K- 12 learners. While the literature has extensively documented the challenges children face when interacting with these systems, the voices of the adults who mediate their information access—teachers and parents—remain largely unexplored. This doctoral research addresses this gap by investigating how these ”more knowled- geable others” (in Vygotskian terms) search for and evaluate information when supporting children’s learning, and how they perceive available tools, including generative artificial intelligence. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining parallel question- naires administered to 131 teachers and 150 families with co-design workshops involving 10 experienced educators. Findings reveal that adults mediators navigate significant tensions between the affor- dances of existing systems and educational needs, developing compensatory strategies to address perceived inadequacies. A particularly significant discovery emerged from the co- design phase: all participants unanimously integrated generative AI functionalities into their proposed designs, signaling a shift from systems that merely ”find” information to systems that ”transform” it—adapting, simplifying, and restructuring content according to learners’ developmental stages and curricular requirements. This research contributes empirically by documenting mediators’ practices and percep- tions, theoretically by conceptualizing the finder-to-transformer shift in educational IRS design, and practically by providing evidence-based guidelines for designing information access systems specifically tailored to K-12 educational contexts and for developing tea- cher professional development programs addressing digital and information literacy in an AI-transformed landscape.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
MURGIA_PhD_Thesis_reviewed.pdf
embargo fino al 26/11/2026
Descrizione: tesi di dottorato
Tipologia:
PDF Editoriale
Licenza:
Creative commons
Dimensione
8.16 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
8.16 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


