Microplastics in salt: A critical review of contamination, analytical methodologies, and health implications

Microplastic pollution has emerged as a growing environmental concern due to the rapid and widespread distribution of these particles, their entry into the food chain, and their potential implications for human health. Among food products, salt has gained attention as a relevant indicator of microplastic contamination, given its widespread consumption and direct environmental exposure during production. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the occurrence of microplastics in commercial salt, with a particular focus on sample pretreatment protocols, analytical techniques employed, and the diverse morphotypes in which microplastics are found, factors that are critical for accurate identification and quantification. Although research in this field is still evolving, existing studies offer valuable insights into the extent of contamination and serve as useful tools for environmental monitoring. Using salt as a model matrix, this review also reflects on the broader dietary and ecological implications of microplastic pollution, highlighting the need for improved methodologies and sustainable strategies to mitigate this emerging threat.