Social Acceptance for the Sustainability of the Agri-Biomethane Supply Chain: A PLS-SEM Analysis

The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources (RES) offers numerous benefits that can enhance the well-being of local communities. However, it is imperative to ensure that the public perceives RES projects as fully sustainable, a goal that requires a comprehensive evaluation of their social acceptance. Among the various RES options, the development of the biomethane supply chain has gained particular importance in Europe, especially considering the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the 2022 “REPowerEU” plan. In this context, the present study conducts a preliminary analysis of the social acceptance of agri-biomethane, focusing primarily on the key variable of “trust” in public administrators and energy investors to ensure its comprehensive sustainability. To this end, a survey was administered to a sample of 290 stakeholders residing in the Apulia region (Southern Italy). The data were analysed using PLS-SEM analysis to ensure robust, evidence-based findings. The results highlight the critical importance of building trust within local communities to foster social acceptance of agri-biomethane production. This can be achieved by strengthening perceived benefits, enhancing public knowledge, and promoting social participation. These insights may support policymakers in making informed decisions about community well-being and the energy transition, particularly in overcoming potential social barriers to the development of this supply chain.