POPULISM AND NATIONALISM SOCIOLOGICALLY SEEN THROUGH A SYSTEMIC LENS

since the late 1970s numerous studies have been carried out on the rapid spread of different forms of populism and nationalism. When analysing such phenomena, some scholars have highlighted the importance of adopting a historical perspective, emphasising their cultural, juridical, and spatial origins, while describing them as the result of modernity. In this paper these reflections will be interpreted using an ecosystem approach, in order to show the symbolic and communication processes of spatial, social, and individual self- and hetero-identification underlying old and new forms of populism and nationalism.