Early school leaving is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon and includes different problems related to school and training failure such as abandonment, absenteeism, repetitions, rejections, interruption of attendance, delay in the study process, school evasion (Batini, 2014; Sicurello, 2018; Bracci & Grange, 2018). The phenomenon has been investigated according to a plurality of conceptual frameworks. The present research is part of the perspective inspired by the approach of human development of Bronfenbrenner (1979). This entry allows us to read early school leaving as a complex ecosystem, within which the different systems are in continuous interaction with each other and aims to explore the links between educational innovation, prevention of early school leaving and educational success starting from the belief systems and the theories in use (Mezirow, 2000) that mediate the actions of teachers. The research uses a quantum-qualitative approach (La Marca, 2014): an explanatory sequential design was used (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011) followed by a research-intervention (Cunningham, 1976). The survey involved an educational institution of the Valle d'Aosta Region that joined the research-intervention thus becoming the subject of the case study (Yin, 1984). The general research question is: What functional relationships can be identified between the prevention and contrast of early school leaving and the didactic innovation paths oriented to educational success and the creation of inclusive contexts, co-built with teachers in a research-intervention framework? In particular, the questions of the preliminary study are: 1. What are the constructs of early school leaving in the representations of the teachers of this Educational Institution? 2. How do teachers in this specific context think of themselves as education professionals capable of supporting all their students along the school path and personal growth? Finally, the questions that emerged from the R-I group are: 1. What are the possible links between didactic action and educational success? 2. How is the classroom climate connected with educational success? 3. How to design learning environments explicitly oriented towards educational success? 4. What teaching practices in use favor the construction of an inclusive and educational success-oriented learning environment? 5. What new teaching practices can be implemented by the group to promote the educational success of each and every one? The survey took place in two phases: exploratory research aimed at investigating the naïve theories, beliefs, the feeling of agency and the educational responsibility of the teaching staff of the Scholastic Institution involved in the project by means of a questionnaire with open questions of a reflective nature. The second phase, the research-intervention, consisted of a co-design of paths consistent with the needs expressed by the group and aimed at promoting professional development processes of teachers (Grange, 2015) through an Action Methodologies approach (Argyris & Schön, 1998; Revans, 1982; Yorks, O'Neil & Marsick, 1999). Several tools were used, including the logbook, photos, annotations, audio recordings, artifacts produced by the target group, integral transcripts both in presence and at a distance. Each phase of work was accompanied by a recursive and participatory process of discussion of the outcomes. The data analysis was carried out using the pen-paper technique, the Excel software for the creation of the database and the MAXQDA software for the thematic analysis. From the preliminary analysis emerges in general a feeling of impotence and incompetence as well as the fact that teaching itself and consequently didactic innovation are extraneous to the phenomenon of dispersion which is instead mainly reported to individual, family, school, and social factors in line with an emergency conception of the phenomenon (Blaya, 2010; Fortin & al., 2006). The research-intervention has developed around the construct of class climate that has been identified as a lever of change to be able to act on the didactic level in the prevention of the dispersive phenomenon in their school, in line with the literature that includes the class climate among the protective factors with respect to the problem. This first result of awareness of the link between teaching and prevention of dispersion requires further study that allows us to go beyond the relational dimension of the classroom climate, to integrate didactic and training objectives (not exclusively relational) in the path of innovation of practices in the ordinariness of daily and curricular teaching-learning processes.
La dispersione scolastica è un fenomeno complesso e multifattoriale e comprende differenti problematiche collegabili all’insuccesso scolastico e formativo come l'abbandono, l’assenteismo, le ripetenze, le bocciature, l’interruzione di frequenza, il ritardo nell’iter di studio, l’evasione scolastica (Batini, 2014; Sicurello, 2018; Bracci & Grange, 2018). Il fenomeno è stato investigato secondo una pluralità di quadri concettuali. La presente ricerca si iscrive nella prospettiva ispirata all'approccio dello sviluppo umano di Bronfenbrenner (1979). Questa entrata ci permette di leggere la dispersione scolastica come un ecosistema complesso, all'interno del quale i diversi sistemi sono in continua interazione tra loro e si propone si esplorare i legami tra innovazione didattica, prevenzione della dispersione e successo formativo a partire dai sistemi di credenza e le teorie in uso (Mezirow, 2000) che mediano le azioni dei/delle docenti. La ricerca utilizza un approccio quanti-qualitativo (La Marca, 2014): si è utilizzato un disegno sequenziale esplicativo (Creswell e Plano Clark, 2011) seguito da una ricerca-intervento (Cunningham,1976). L’indagine ha coinvolto un’istituzione scolastica della Regione Valle d’Aosta che ha aderito alla ricerca-intervento diventando così soggetto dello studio di caso (Yin, 1984). La domanda generale di ricerca è: Quali relazioni funzionali possono essere individuate fra la prevenzione e il contrasto della dispersione scolastica e i percorsi di innovazione didattica orientati al successo formativo e alla creazione di contesti inclusivi, co-costruiti con gli insegnanti in un quadro di ricerca-intervento? In particolare, le domande dello studio preliminare sono: 1. Quali sono i costrutti di dispersione scolastica nelle rappresentazioni degli/delle insegnanti di questa Istituzione Scolastica? 2. In che modo i/le docenti di questo specifico contesto pensano a sé stessi come professionisti dell’educazione capaci di sostenere tutti i loro studenti e tutte le loro studentesse lungo il percorso scolastico e di crescita personale? Infine, le domande emerse dal gruppo di R-I sono: 1. Quali sono i possibili nessi tra azione didattica e successo formativo? 2. In che modo il clima di classe è collegato con il successo formativo? 3. Come progettare ambienti di apprendimento esplicitamente orientati al successo formativo? 4. Quali pratiche didattiche in uso favoriscono la costruzione di un ambiente di apprendimento inclusivo e orientato al successo formativo? 5. Quali nuove pratiche didattiche possono essere messe in atto dal gruppo per favorire il successo formativo di tutti/e e ciascuno/a? L’indagine si è svolta in due fasi: una ricerca esplorativa volta ad indagare le teorie ingenue, le credenze, il sentimento di agency e la responsabilità educativa del corpo docente dell’Istituzione Scolastica coinvolta nel progetto per mezzo di un questionario a domande aperte a carattere riflessivo. La seconda fase, la ricerca-intervento, è consistita in una coprogettazione di percorsi coerenti con i bisogni espressi dal gruppo e tesi a promuovere processi di sviluppo professionale dei docenti (Grange, 2015) attraverso un approccio di Action Methodologies (Argyris & Schön, 1998; Revans, 1982; Yorks, O’Neil & Marsick, 1999). Sono stati utilizzati diversi strumenti, tra cui il diario di bordo, le foto, le annotazioni, le registrazioni audio, gli artefatti prodotti dal target group, le trascrizioni integrali sia in presenza che a distanza. Ogni fase di lavoro è stata accompagnata da un processo ricorsivo e partecipato di discussione degli esiti. L’analisi dei dati è stata svolta utilizzando la tecnica carta-penna, il software Excel per la creazione del database e i software MAXQDA per l’analisi tematica. Dall’analisi preliminare emerge in generale un sentimento di impotenza e incompetenza come pure il fatto che la didattica in sé e di conseguenza l’innovazione didattica siano estranee al fenomeno della dispersione che viene invece riportato prevalentemente a fattori individuali, familiari, scolastici e sociali in linea con una concezione emergenziale del fenomeno (Blaya, 2010; Fortin & al., 2006). La ricerca-intervento si è sviluppata intorno al costrutto di clima di classe che è stato identificato come una leva di cambiamento per poter agire sul piano didattico nella prevenzione del fenomeno dispersivo nella loro scuola, in linea con la letteratura che annovera il clima di classe tra i fattori protettivi rispetto al problema. Questo primo risultato di consapevolezza del nesso tra didattica e prevenzione della dispersione richiede un ulteriore approfondimento che permetta di andare oltre la dimensione relazionale del clima di classe, in modo da integrare obiettivi didattici e formativi (non esclusivamente relazionali) nel percorso di innovazione delle pratiche nell’ordinarietà dei processi di insegnamento- apprendimento quotidiani e curricolari.
L'innovazione didattica per il contrasto alla dispersione scolastica: una ricerca-intervento / Peloso, Sonia. - (2022). [10.14274/peloso-sonia_phd2022]
L'innovazione didattica per il contrasto alla dispersione scolastica: una ricerca-intervento
Peloso, Sonia
2022-01-01
Abstract
Early school leaving is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon and includes different problems related to school and training failure such as abandonment, absenteeism, repetitions, rejections, interruption of attendance, delay in the study process, school evasion (Batini, 2014; Sicurello, 2018; Bracci & Grange, 2018). The phenomenon has been investigated according to a plurality of conceptual frameworks. The present research is part of the perspective inspired by the approach of human development of Bronfenbrenner (1979). This entry allows us to read early school leaving as a complex ecosystem, within which the different systems are in continuous interaction with each other and aims to explore the links between educational innovation, prevention of early school leaving and educational success starting from the belief systems and the theories in use (Mezirow, 2000) that mediate the actions of teachers. The research uses a quantum-qualitative approach (La Marca, 2014): an explanatory sequential design was used (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011) followed by a research-intervention (Cunningham, 1976). The survey involved an educational institution of the Valle d'Aosta Region that joined the research-intervention thus becoming the subject of the case study (Yin, 1984). The general research question is: What functional relationships can be identified between the prevention and contrast of early school leaving and the didactic innovation paths oriented to educational success and the creation of inclusive contexts, co-built with teachers in a research-intervention framework? In particular, the questions of the preliminary study are: 1. What are the constructs of early school leaving in the representations of the teachers of this Educational Institution? 2. How do teachers in this specific context think of themselves as education professionals capable of supporting all their students along the school path and personal growth? Finally, the questions that emerged from the R-I group are: 1. What are the possible links between didactic action and educational success? 2. How is the classroom climate connected with educational success? 3. How to design learning environments explicitly oriented towards educational success? 4. What teaching practices in use favor the construction of an inclusive and educational success-oriented learning environment? 5. What new teaching practices can be implemented by the group to promote the educational success of each and every one? The survey took place in two phases: exploratory research aimed at investigating the naïve theories, beliefs, the feeling of agency and the educational responsibility of the teaching staff of the Scholastic Institution involved in the project by means of a questionnaire with open questions of a reflective nature. The second phase, the research-intervention, consisted of a co-design of paths consistent with the needs expressed by the group and aimed at promoting professional development processes of teachers (Grange, 2015) through an Action Methodologies approach (Argyris & Schön, 1998; Revans, 1982; Yorks, O'Neil & Marsick, 1999). Several tools were used, including the logbook, photos, annotations, audio recordings, artifacts produced by the target group, integral transcripts both in presence and at a distance. Each phase of work was accompanied by a recursive and participatory process of discussion of the outcomes. The data analysis was carried out using the pen-paper technique, the Excel software for the creation of the database and the MAXQDA software for the thematic analysis. From the preliminary analysis emerges in general a feeling of impotence and incompetence as well as the fact that teaching itself and consequently didactic innovation are extraneous to the phenomenon of dispersion which is instead mainly reported to individual, family, school, and social factors in line with an emergency conception of the phenomenon (Blaya, 2010; Fortin & al., 2006). The research-intervention has developed around the construct of class climate that has been identified as a lever of change to be able to act on the didactic level in the prevention of the dispersive phenomenon in their school, in line with the literature that includes the class climate among the protective factors with respect to the problem. This first result of awareness of the link between teaching and prevention of dispersion requires further study that allows us to go beyond the relational dimension of the classroom climate, to integrate didactic and training objectives (not exclusively relational) in the path of innovation of practices in the ordinariness of daily and curricular teaching-learning processes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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