The essay traces some stages in the evolution of the principle of immediacy in the Italian criminal procedure, within the time span between the end of the eighteenth century and Finocchiaro-Aprile’s code (1913). After a brief review of the different definitions of the term and a mention of the distinction between immediacy and orality, the research begins with ideas offered by ‘pioneers’ such as Francesco Mario Pagano and Niccola Nicolini; than it examines the European (French and, especially, German) Literature which had the greatest influence on the Italian one; finally, it studies the Italian post-unitarian criminal science. The latter had to do with a still inquisitional code (1865). For their part, the scholars were by no means compact: the first commentaries and, even more, Carrara’s school considered immediacy a non-negotiable principle of the liberal justice; the positivist school feared that the rule could favour popular and emotional interferences in the trial. The long elaboration of Finocchiaro-Aprile’s code stimulated a heated debate and inserted the criminal procedure studies into the «orality movement» led by Giuseppe Chiovenda
Il saggio ripercorre alcune tappe dell’evoluzione del principio di immediatezza nella procedura penale italiana, entro l’arco cronologico compreso tra la fine del secolo XVIII e il codice Finocchiaro-Aprile del 1913. Dopo una breve rassegna delle diverse definizioni del lemma e un cenno diacronico alla demarcazione dal concetto di oralità, la ricerca muove dagli spunti offerti da ‘pionieri’ quali Francesco Mario Pagano e Niccola Nicolini; esamina la letteratura europea (francese e, soprattutto, tedesca) che permeò la riflessione dei giuristi italiani; quindi si addentra nella stagione post-unitaria. Quest’ultima fu contrassegnata dal divario tra un codice di rito (1865) ancora prettamente inquisitorio e le istanze d’una dottrina tutt’altro che compatta: se i primi commentari e, con maggiore intransigenza, la scuola carrariana classificavano l’immediatezza tra i canoni inderogabili della giustizia liberale, la scuola positiva vi scorgeva un indebito cedimento alle interferenze popolari ed emotive nel dibattimento. La lunga elaborazione del codice Finocchiaro-Aprile non solo stimolò un serrato confronto dottrinale ma risentí di quel movimento per l’oralità che, secondo Chiovenda, avrebbe modernizzato il rito civile e penale
Le facce d’un diamante. Appunti per una storia dell’immediatezza nella procedura penale italiana
Miletti, Marco Nicola
2021-01-01
Abstract
The essay traces some stages in the evolution of the principle of immediacy in the Italian criminal procedure, within the time span between the end of the eighteenth century and Finocchiaro-Aprile’s code (1913). After a brief review of the different definitions of the term and a mention of the distinction between immediacy and orality, the research begins with ideas offered by ‘pioneers’ such as Francesco Mario Pagano and Niccola Nicolini; than it examines the European (French and, especially, German) Literature which had the greatest influence on the Italian one; finally, it studies the Italian post-unitarian criminal science. The latter had to do with a still inquisitional code (1865). For their part, the scholars were by no means compact: the first commentaries and, even more, Carrara’s school considered immediacy a non-negotiable principle of the liberal justice; the positivist school feared that the rule could favour popular and emotional interferences in the trial. The long elaboration of Finocchiaro-Aprile’s code stimulated a heated debate and inserted the criminal procedure studies into the «orality movement» led by Giuseppe ChiovendaI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.