Pasta is a daily food that provides energy, allows the perception of the satiety sense of and has positive effects on health on human health. However, pasta is a good vehicle for the intake of biomolecules, being one of the main foods in the Mediterranean diet. The aim of this study was the production of new type’s pasta that have the potentiality to decrease cholesterol. To reach the aim of the project were evaluated sensorial, rheological and chemical characteristics of pasta samples produced using durum wheat, added with Sicilian populations of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) rich in essential amino acids, cladodes of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill) Sicilian populations rich in fiber, typical wild species of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) rich in fatty acids and with oat flour rich in β-glucans. Thanks to the use of food additive carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), spaghetti enriched with 40% of lentil had good results, both in sensorial analysis and in the cooking quality evaluation. All Pasta samples enriched in lentils resulted a good source of essential amino acids, the addition of Ragusa lentil improved the contents in Lys, Val, Ile, Gly and Asp, while the amounts in Leu, Thr, Ser and Lys resulted improved in spaghetti enriched by commercial lentil. As regard pasta enriched with 5% and 10% of prickly pear cladodes and CMC, it was possible to obtain sufficient sensorial characteristics, but good nutraceutical properties, being a good source of phenols and fiber. Referring the addition of purslane flour, the sensorial analysis showed that the scores of the global judgment decreased considerably in pastas with 15% of purslane, while pasta samples with 10% of purslane were appreciated. Chemical analysis highlighted that pasta enriched with purslane has the potentiality to be a functional food, thanks to its polyunsatured fatty acids concentration and antioxidant activity. All pasta samples enriched in oat at four different concentrations had positive scores in sensorial analysis. β-glucans were extracted and characterized in oat and in produced pasta samples. The content of β-glucans increased increasing the concentration of added oat and especially were not recorded cooking loss. The reached levels of consumer acceptance, together with the chemical and nutraceutical evidence of the obtained products, could be the starting point in the clinical field, in order to evaluate the direct effect on cholesterol level in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
La pasta è un alimento consumato giornalmente che provvede a fornire energia, interviene nella percezione del senso di sazietà ed esercita effetti positivi sulla salute umana. Inoltre la pasta rappresenta un buon veicolo per l’assunzione di biomolecole essendo uno degli alimenti principali della dieta mediterranea. Scopo principale di questo lavoro, è stato ottenere nuove paste funzionali ad azione ipocolesterolemizzante. Per raggiungere l’obiettivo connesso con l’attività di ricerca è stata effettuata la valutazione delle proprietà reologiche, sensoriali e chimiche di paste prodotte con farina di grano duro commerciale addizionate con lenticchia siciliana (Lens culinaris Medik) ricca in amminoacidi essenziali, cladodi di popolazioni siciliane di fichi d’india (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill ricchi in fibre, specie selvatiche siciliane di portulaca (Portulaca oleracea L.) ricche in acidi grassi e farina di avena ricca in β-glucani. Grazie all’uso dell’additivo alimentare carbossimetilcellulosa (CMC), gli spaghetti arricchiti con il 40% di lenticchia presentavano una buona valutazione sensoriale e un miglioramento della qualità in cottura. Tutte le paste arricchite in lenticchia sono risultate una buona fonte di amminoacidi essenziali, l’aggiunta della lenticchia di Ragusa ha aumentato il contenuto di Lys, Val, Ile, Gly e Asp, mentre l’aggiunta della lenticchia commerciale ha aumentato il contenuto in Leu, Thr, Ser e Lys. Con riferimento alle paste alimentari arricchite con il 5% e 10% di cladodi di ficodindia e CMC è stato possibile ottenere sufficienti caratteristiche sensoriali, ma buone caratteristiche nutraceutiche, essendo risultate fonte di fenoli e fibre. Riguardo l’aggiunta di farine di portulaca, l’analisi sensoriale delle paste prodotte ha mostrato che il giudizio globale diminuiva considerevolmente negli spaghetti con il 15% di portulaca, mentre quelli con il 10% di portulaca sono stati apprezzate. Le analisi chimiche hanno evidenziato che la pasta arricchita in portulaca ha tutto il potenziale per essere un cibo funzionale, grazie al suo contenuto in acidi grassi e la sua capacità antiossidante. Tutte le paste arricchite con quattro diverse concentrazioni di avena hanno avuto punteggi positivi nell’analisi sensoriale. I β-Glucani sono stati estratti e caratterizzati nell’avena aggiunta e negli spaghetti prodotti. Il contenuto in β-Glucani aumentava aumentando la concentrazione di avena aggiunta e soprattutto non sono state riscontrate perdite dopo il processo di cottura. In generale, i livelli di accettabilità raggiunti da parte dei consumatori, abbinate alle evidenze nutrizionali e chimiche dei prodotti ottenuti rappresentano un punto di partenza per ulteriori ricerche in campo clinico, al fine di valutare l'effetto diretto sul livello del colesterolo in pazienti affetti da ipercolesterolemia.
Pasta with cholesterol-lowering effect on human health / Pagliaro, Antonella. - (2019 Mar 27). [10.14274/pagliaro-antonella_phd2019-03-27]
Pasta with cholesterol-lowering effect on human health
PAGLIARO, ANTONELLA
2019-03-27
Abstract
Pasta is a daily food that provides energy, allows the perception of the satiety sense of and has positive effects on health on human health. However, pasta is a good vehicle for the intake of biomolecules, being one of the main foods in the Mediterranean diet. The aim of this study was the production of new type’s pasta that have the potentiality to decrease cholesterol. To reach the aim of the project were evaluated sensorial, rheological and chemical characteristics of pasta samples produced using durum wheat, added with Sicilian populations of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) rich in essential amino acids, cladodes of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill) Sicilian populations rich in fiber, typical wild species of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) rich in fatty acids and with oat flour rich in β-glucans. Thanks to the use of food additive carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), spaghetti enriched with 40% of lentil had good results, both in sensorial analysis and in the cooking quality evaluation. All Pasta samples enriched in lentils resulted a good source of essential amino acids, the addition of Ragusa lentil improved the contents in Lys, Val, Ile, Gly and Asp, while the amounts in Leu, Thr, Ser and Lys resulted improved in spaghetti enriched by commercial lentil. As regard pasta enriched with 5% and 10% of prickly pear cladodes and CMC, it was possible to obtain sufficient sensorial characteristics, but good nutraceutical properties, being a good source of phenols and fiber. Referring the addition of purslane flour, the sensorial analysis showed that the scores of the global judgment decreased considerably in pastas with 15% of purslane, while pasta samples with 10% of purslane were appreciated. Chemical analysis highlighted that pasta enriched with purslane has the potentiality to be a functional food, thanks to its polyunsatured fatty acids concentration and antioxidant activity. All pasta samples enriched in oat at four different concentrations had positive scores in sensorial analysis. β-glucans were extracted and characterized in oat and in produced pasta samples. The content of β-glucans increased increasing the concentration of added oat and especially were not recorded cooking loss. The reached levels of consumer acceptance, together with the chemical and nutraceutical evidence of the obtained products, could be the starting point in the clinical field, in order to evaluate the direct effect on cholesterol level in patients with hypercholesterolemia.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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