Primary hyperoxaluria: Orthodontic management in a pediatric patient: A case report

Aims: The aim of this study is to report the case of the orthodontic treatment in a patient affected by primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and subjected to a combinate liver-kidney transplant. Methods and results: The 9-year patient was admitted to our department for the presence of facial dysmorphism. The patient was affected by primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and has undergone a combined liver-kidney transplantation. At the time of the visit, he was in treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and received a corticosteroid and an antibiotic therapy monthly. An intraoral and extraoral examination, as well as radiographic and model analysis, was performed in order to define an accurate diagnosis and a proper rehabilitation planning. An orthopedic-orthodontic treatment was performed and satisfactory final results obtained. A laser gingivectomy was also realized for eliminate the gengival hyperplasia probably induced by cyclosporine assumption. Both skeletal and dental relationships were improved by the treatment, reaching a good dental arches alignment. Conclusion: An early diagnosis, as well as a multidisciplinary approach, is very important in patients with rare diseases. An appropriate treatment allowed us to achieve acceptable results and improve the patient quality of life.