In the complex hierarchical scenario of the altered pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis, the ones activated by EphA2 and EphB2 seem to have fundamental roles. Particularly, EphA2 expression is significantly increased in CRC progression and has been correlated to stem-like properties of cells and tumor malignancy. EphA2 receptor is involved in multiple cross-talks with other cellular networks including EGFR, FAK and VEGF pathways, with which it collaborates to stimulate cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize homogeneous EphA2high and EphB2high cell subpopulations from the heterogeneous landscape of colorectal cancer to investigate their role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Experimental Design: From the highly reliable platform of the AOM/DSS murine model of carcinogenesis we isolated EphA2high and EphB2highcell subpopulations by FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting)-assisted procedures and we assessed their molecular identity with Real Time PCR. We identified an EphA2/EGFR gene signature that was validated in six independent cohorts of patients stratified by EphA2 expression to determine its potential prognostic role and its effect on response to targeted therapies. Results: We developed a cell isolation method based on surface expression of EphA2 and EphB2 receptors, which allowed us to isolate cell subpopulations with different levels of differentiation and stemness properties. In murine CRC EphA2high cells we identified a gene expression pattern (EphA2, Efna1, EGFR, Ptpn12, Atf2) that reflects the activation of EphA2 and EGFR pathways accompanied by a coherent dysregulation of mir-26b and mir-200a. Such pattern showed prognostic significance in stage I-III CRC patients, in both univariate and multivariate analysis. In stage IV patients with wild type KRAS EphA2/Efna1/EGFR gene expression status was significantly associated with poor response to cetuximab treatment. Furthermore, EphA2 and EGFR overexpression showed a combined effect in cetuximab resistance, independently from KRAS mutation status. Conclusions: These results suggest that EphA2/Efna1/EGFR genes, controlled by mir-200a and mir-26b, could be proposed as novel CRC prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, EphA2 could be linked to a mechanism of resistance to cetuximab alternative to KRAS mutations.
Background: Nel complesso scenario di disregolazione dei pathway coinvolti nella cancerogenesi del tumore al colonretto (CRC), quelli attivati da EphA2 ed EphB2 sembrano rivestire un ruolo fondamentale. In particolare, durante la progressione tumorale, l’espressione di EphA2 risulta significativamente aumentata ed è stata correlata all’aggressività e alle proprietà simil-staminali delle cellule tumorali. Il recettore EphA2 è coinvolto in cross-talk multipli con altri network cellulari tra cui quelli di EGFR, FAK e VEGF, con i quali coopera nell’attivazione della migrazione cellulare, invasione e metastasi. Obiettivo: Scopo della tesi è stato quello di isolare e caratterizzare sottopopolazioni omogenee EphA2high e EphB2high a partire dall’eterogeneo contesto del cancro al colon-retto, per valutarne il ruolo nella cancerogenesi e nella progressione tumorale. Disegno sperimentale: A partire dal modello murino AOM/DSS, che rappresenta un’affidabile piattaforma per lo studio del CRC, abbiamo isolato tramite FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) sottopopolazioni cellulari EphA2high ed EphB2high, la cui identità molecolare è stata confermata tramite Real Time PCR. Abbiamo così identificato una signature EphA2/EGFR validata in sei coorti indipendenti di pazienti stratificati in base all’espressione di EphA2, per verificarne il ruolo prognostico e predittivo di risposta alla targeted therapy. Risultati: Abbiamo sviluppato un metodo di separazione cellulare basato sull’espressione di membrana di recettori EphA2 ed EphB2, che ci ha permesso di isolare sottopopolazioni cellulari con differente grado di staminalità e differenziamento. Nelle cellule EphA2high isolate da tumori murini abbiamo identificato un pattern di espressione genica (EphA2, Efna1, EGFR, Ptpn12, Atf2) che riflette l’attivazione dei pathway di EphA2 ed EGFR, associato ad una coerente disregolazione dei miRNAs mir-26b e mir-200a. In analisi uni- e multivariate tale pattern si è rivelato un fattore prognostico significativo per pazienti allo stadio I-III del cancro al colon-retto. È stato inoltre possibile associare con significatività i livelli di espressione del pattern EphA2/Efna1/EGFR alla risposta al cetuximab in pazienti allo stadio IV con KRAS wild type. Infine, l’overespressione di EphA2 ed EGFR ha dimostrato un effetto combinato nella resistenza al cetuximab indipendentemente dallo stato mutazionale di KRAS. Conclusioni: Alla luce di questi risultati, i geni EphA2/Efna1/EGFR, sotto la regolazione dei miRNAs mir-200a e mir-26b, possono essere proposti come nuovi marcatori prognostici nel CRC. Inoltre, EphA2 può essere correlato a un meccanismo di resistenza alla terapia con cetuximab alternativo alle mutazioni di KRAS.
Dysregulation of EGFR pathway in EphA2 cell subpopulation significantly associates with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer / Loiacono, Luisa. - (2017). [10.14274/loiacono-luisa_phd2017]
Dysregulation of EGFR pathway in EphA2 cell subpopulation significantly associates with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
LOIACONO, LUISA
2017-01-01
Abstract
In the complex hierarchical scenario of the altered pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis, the ones activated by EphA2 and EphB2 seem to have fundamental roles. Particularly, EphA2 expression is significantly increased in CRC progression and has been correlated to stem-like properties of cells and tumor malignancy. EphA2 receptor is involved in multiple cross-talks with other cellular networks including EGFR, FAK and VEGF pathways, with which it collaborates to stimulate cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize homogeneous EphA2high and EphB2high cell subpopulations from the heterogeneous landscape of colorectal cancer to investigate their role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Experimental Design: From the highly reliable platform of the AOM/DSS murine model of carcinogenesis we isolated EphA2high and EphB2highcell subpopulations by FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting)-assisted procedures and we assessed their molecular identity with Real Time PCR. We identified an EphA2/EGFR gene signature that was validated in six independent cohorts of patients stratified by EphA2 expression to determine its potential prognostic role and its effect on response to targeted therapies. Results: We developed a cell isolation method based on surface expression of EphA2 and EphB2 receptors, which allowed us to isolate cell subpopulations with different levels of differentiation and stemness properties. In murine CRC EphA2high cells we identified a gene expression pattern (EphA2, Efna1, EGFR, Ptpn12, Atf2) that reflects the activation of EphA2 and EGFR pathways accompanied by a coherent dysregulation of mir-26b and mir-200a. Such pattern showed prognostic significance in stage I-III CRC patients, in both univariate and multivariate analysis. In stage IV patients with wild type KRAS EphA2/Efna1/EGFR gene expression status was significantly associated with poor response to cetuximab treatment. Furthermore, EphA2 and EGFR overexpression showed a combined effect in cetuximab resistance, independently from KRAS mutation status. Conclusions: These results suggest that EphA2/Efna1/EGFR genes, controlled by mir-200a and mir-26b, could be proposed as novel CRC prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, EphA2 could be linked to a mechanism of resistance to cetuximab alternative to KRAS mutations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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