Biopsychosocial predictors of interferon-related depression in patients with Hepatitis C

Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the role of different bio-psycho-social risk factors for the onset of depression among patients with Hepatitis C (HCV) treated with Interferon alpha (IFN). Material and methods Patients with HCV were recruited and assessed prospectively at baseline and after 4, 8, and 24 weeks since the start of IFN treatment. Assessments included the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales (HAM-D and HAM-A), Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego, 110 item version (TEMPS-A), Young Mania Rating Scale and other assessment tools. Sociodemographic and clinical factors were entered as predictors in logistic regression models, with early-onset depression (4 weeks) or persistent depression (24 weeks) as the outcomes. Results Early-onset depression was predicted by preexisting depressive symptoms’ severity (baseline HAM-D scores: OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.50; p = 0.03) and by the presence of additional physical comorbidities (OR = 3.74; 95% CI: 1.12, 12.5; p = 0.03). Persistent depression was predicted by additional physical comorbidities (OR = 7.75; 95% CI: 1.33, 45.0, p = 0.02), depressive temperament (OR = 8.95; 95% CI: 1.32, 60.6; p = 0.03) and, at trend-level, by unknown mode of HCV contagion (OR = 5.21; 95% CI: 0.89, 30.4; p = 0.07). Conclusions The incidence of IFN-related depression is associated with factors related to patients’ physical and temperamental characteristics. Further research should include comprehensive biopsychosocial assessments to improve the early detection and treatment of vulnerable patients in the real clinical world.