Cytofunctional changes in nasal ciliated cells in patients treated with hyaluronate after nasal surgery

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a significant role in tissue repair of mucosal surfaces and, consequently, in surgical injury remodelling of nasal mucosa. Objective: To assess the effect of high-molecular-weight HA administered by aerosol on the morphofunctional recovery of ciliated cells damaged by surgical trauma. Methods: A single-blind, prospective, randomized trial was carried out with 94 patients who were randomly assigned, after endoscopic turbinoplasty, either to treatment with nasal saline solution irrigation (control group, n = 47) or to treatment with nasal douches based on high concentration (9 mg) and high-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate (active treatment group, n = 47). All the patients were evaluated by using nasal fiberendoscopy, mucociliary transport time, nasal cytologic test, and a visual analog scale in terms of symptoms before and at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Results: Visual analog scale values were significantly lower in the active treatment (AT) group at week 2 regarding each individual symptom. Mucociliary transport time was significantly reduced in patients in the AT group but only 1 month after surgery. Both the percentage of cellular impairments and the number of cells with hyperchromatic supranuclear stria showed significant improvements in the AT group in all postsurgery evaluations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Intranasal use of sodium hyaluronate in patients who underwent functional nasal surgery improved both mucociliary clearance and nasal mucosa regeneration due to a faster recovery of the impaired ciliated cells.