Notes on the economy in the rural non-capitalist societies: the contribution of A.V. Čajanov to the historical studies and the current political debate

This paper aims to recall the fundamental issues of the classic debate on the agrarian question, highlighting the contribution of Aleksandr Čajanov the definition of the peasant mode of production. The summary of the Russian economist’s main theses and the bibliographic reconstruction of their fortune in the economic literature and historiography about pre-industrial societies provide the opportunity to draw an interdisciplinary path, useful to contemporary reflection on the new peasant condition.