Integrating Decarbonisation Strategies and ESG Management in Viticulture

The decarbonisation of agri-food supply chains is a critical challenge and a strategic opportunity to address climate change and advance the Sustainable Development Goals. In this context, viticulture represents a key agricultural activity in Mediterranean regions, where environmental pressures and climate variability are particularly acute. This study concentrates on decarbonisation strategies in the viticultural phase of the wine supply chain. Its aim is to map current scientific trends, identify research gaps, and highlight practical measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions directly associated with vineyard management. This review examines interventions such as soil and canopy management, water-use efficiency, optimisation of fertilisation practices, adoption of low-emission machinery, biodiversity-oriented vineyard design, and carbon sequestration approaches. The analysis is aligned with relevant policy frameworks, including the European Green Deal, the Farm to Fork Strategy, and the Common Agricultural Policy, all of which emphasise sustainable primary production. Findings are intended to guide winegrowers and agricultural stakeholders, whether small, medium, or large-scale, in designing effective low-carbon strategies at the vineyard level. By synthesising available literature, the study provides decision-making support for enhancing ESG performance in viticulture, promoting innovation in cultivation techniques, energy use, and circular practices tailored to Mediterranean wine-growing systems.