The quality of the sample preparation procedure will determine the quality of the data produced and, consequently, the ability to obtain reliable and affordable data. In this context, microextraction techniques (METs) represent a quite recent innovation in the field of extraction techniques making use of low sample volumes and giving purification levels necessary for the characterization of the target analytes. Solid phase microextraction (SPME)1 and, more recently, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS)2, are powerful sample preparation techniques, characterized by their reduced time of analysis, low solvent consumption, and broad application. Moreover, as miniaturized techniques, they can be easily automatized to have a high-throughput performance in the clinical environment. These techniques are possibly the most suitable to process samples in agricultural, environmental and clinical fields, given the complexity of the matrix, containing many inherent interferents, and the need to minimize cost through automation and high throughput solutions3. Simultaneously, they are fast, simple, sustainable, and user-friendly systems that can be easily automated4. SPME and different configurations of MEPS allow the integration of several procedures (sample extraction, concentration, and loading) in a single step, thus limiting the existence of experimental errors. Microextraction techniques have several sorbent materials commercially available that can be packed in permanently used syringes of modern high-end autosampler devices4; new and promising materials are continuously being characterized5. These techniques present a high throughput potential able to correspond to the demands of agricultural, environmental, medical and clinical analysis. In this talk, a review of microextraction techniques and the last innovations in the field will be presented. Bibliography (1) Arthur, C. L.; Pawliszyn, J. Solid Phase Microextraction with Thermal Desorption Using Fused Silica Optical Fibers. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62 (19), 2145–2148. (2) Abdel-Rehim, M.; Altun, Z.; Blomberg, L. Microextraction in Packed Syringe (MEPS) for Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Applications. Part II?Determination of Ropivacaine and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma Samples Using MEPS with Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 39 (12), 1488–1493. (3) Musteata, F. M. Recent Progress in In-Vivo Sampling and Analysis. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2013, 45, 154–168. (4) Mendes, B.; Gonçalves, J.; Câmara, J. S. Effectiveness of High-Throughput Miniaturized Sorbent- and Solid Phase Microextraction Techniques Combined with Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometry Analysis for a Rapid Screening of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Composition of Wines—A Comparative Study. Talanta 2012, 88, 79–94. (5) Y. Zou, L. Wang, H. Sun, G. Wang, L.-Y. Meng, M. Quinto, D. Li, Nanoconfined liquid phase nanoextraction based on carbon nanofibers, Analytical Chemistry 93 (2021) 1310–1316. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01462.
Microextraction techniques: a critical review
Maurizio Quinto
2025-01-01
Abstract
The quality of the sample preparation procedure will determine the quality of the data produced and, consequently, the ability to obtain reliable and affordable data. In this context, microextraction techniques (METs) represent a quite recent innovation in the field of extraction techniques making use of low sample volumes and giving purification levels necessary for the characterization of the target analytes. Solid phase microextraction (SPME)1 and, more recently, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS)2, are powerful sample preparation techniques, characterized by their reduced time of analysis, low solvent consumption, and broad application. Moreover, as miniaturized techniques, they can be easily automatized to have a high-throughput performance in the clinical environment. These techniques are possibly the most suitable to process samples in agricultural, environmental and clinical fields, given the complexity of the matrix, containing many inherent interferents, and the need to minimize cost through automation and high throughput solutions3. Simultaneously, they are fast, simple, sustainable, and user-friendly systems that can be easily automated4. SPME and different configurations of MEPS allow the integration of several procedures (sample extraction, concentration, and loading) in a single step, thus limiting the existence of experimental errors. Microextraction techniques have several sorbent materials commercially available that can be packed in permanently used syringes of modern high-end autosampler devices4; new and promising materials are continuously being characterized5. These techniques present a high throughput potential able to correspond to the demands of agricultural, environmental, medical and clinical analysis. In this talk, a review of microextraction techniques and the last innovations in the field will be presented. Bibliography (1) Arthur, C. L.; Pawliszyn, J. Solid Phase Microextraction with Thermal Desorption Using Fused Silica Optical Fibers. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62 (19), 2145–2148. (2) Abdel-Rehim, M.; Altun, Z.; Blomberg, L. Microextraction in Packed Syringe (MEPS) for Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Applications. Part II?Determination of Ropivacaine and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma Samples Using MEPS with Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 39 (12), 1488–1493. (3) Musteata, F. M. Recent Progress in In-Vivo Sampling and Analysis. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2013, 45, 154–168. (4) Mendes, B.; Gonçalves, J.; Câmara, J. S. Effectiveness of High-Throughput Miniaturized Sorbent- and Solid Phase Microextraction Techniques Combined with Gas Chromatography–mass Spectrometry Analysis for a Rapid Screening of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Composition of Wines—A Comparative Study. Talanta 2012, 88, 79–94. (5) Y. Zou, L. Wang, H. Sun, G. Wang, L.-Y. Meng, M. Quinto, D. Li, Nanoconfined liquid phase nanoextraction based on carbon nanofibers, Analytical Chemistry 93 (2021) 1310–1316. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01462.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
