Riflessioni intorno alla Bioeconomia e alla sostenibilità

The Bioeconomics call into question the human-nature relationship. The spread of the Cartesian paradigm in Europe marks the transition from a symbiotic relationship to a situation of alienation and fracture that naturalizes the grabbing and manipulation of nature by man as a ‘normal’ way of relating to it. This situation worsened starting from the Industrial Revolution, due to a growing and large-scale consumption of matter and energy. This last becomes exponential after the Second World War and then due to globalization and subsequent financialisation. This has affected the vital matrices exceeding their ability to regenerate and degrading them in an irreversible way with very negative effects on both the ecosystem and social level. Therefore, any real reasoning about sustainability should start from the ‘recomposition’ of the human-nature relationship and the deconstruction of the collective imagination based on sustainable development (now at the base of the 2030 Agenda) as an abstract concept and an illusory construct. In this regard, we propose a new representation of the relations between nature, society and economy and call for the recovery of the ‘principle of reality’, that means the recognition of the primacy of reality over its simplification through analytical models, as well as the fact that economic processes, affecting the physical world, are subject to its laws. The ‘principle of reality’ - already on the basis of the path that led GeorgescuRoegen to theorize the bioeconomics - becomes indispensable for the construction of virtuous relationships between the constituent components of the territory and of an economy aimed primarily at the needs of the community that inhabits the territory.